Does a foreign company have an obligation to conform to local customs, Research Paper

F. Scott Fitzgeralds The Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Cash and The Great Gatsby      "Her voice is loaded with cash Pg. 127)," is a significant contributing sentence to the story. This sentence, which originates from the character by the name of Jay Gatsby. F. Scott Fitzgerald relates this story to many, expressing that cash can purchase anything, including the adoration for a lady. This inclination that Gatsby has gained perplexes Nick Carraway. All through the story, reality comes out of why Daisy turns out to be a piece of Gatsby, which is on the grounds that she needs him only for his wealth.      In the Novel The Great Gatsby, the book emphatically identifies with "The American Dream." In Gatsby’s case, the fantasy is that through procuring riches and influence, once can likewise pick up joy. To arrive at his concept of what joy is, Gatsby must return so as to remember an old dream. To do this, he accepts he should initially have riches and influence. Jay Gatsby is a man who doesn't wish to live in the present since it offers him nothing. He spends a lion's share of his life attempting to recover his past, in which he in the long run passes on in quest for it. The explanation he wishes to soothe the past is on the grounds that he had an affection illicit relationship with the rich Daisy Buchanan, who he had, fell profoundly enamored with. Be that as it may, he realized they would never get hitched because of their distinction in monetary and social statuses. He needs to wed her, but since of this diffi cult he leaves her so as to pick up riches and societal position so as to contact her norms. When he arrives at this objective, he purchases a house near her wherein he attempts to "impress her." Jay figures cash will deal with everything, in which he understands it doesn’t make life out like it should be. Gatsby won't surrender this until he arrives at satisfaction of his American Dream. Interestingly, he never does, and winds up passing on.      The question of cash and sociability’s authority over life is a major factor in numerous people’s lives. Numerous individuals in today’s world attempt to purchase love with cash. That isn't generally a "true love." Both of the individuals in the relationship should adore each other for WHO they are, not what they are or have. A few people don't comprehend this idea. That is the reason partitions, divorces, and so on.

Police Officer Resume Examples, Template Complete Guide

Police Officer Resume Examples, Template Complete Guide If you are on the lookout for an admirable career choice, law enforcement just might be your cup of tea.Is there a better feeling than knowing your job is a purposeful one?As a police officer, you know people rely on you to keep them safe and to maintain the order.Your friends and family will respect you for choosing this profession and you will feel proud of yourself because you are serving others.Any municipality, city or country cant fully function without good police offers.So, dont worry, there will always be jobs for you.But just because the demand is high, that doesnt mean that you shouldnt take the process of finding a job as a police officer seriously. A great resume can help you get a high-ranking job in the police.As a police officer, you can expect to earn about 63,000$ a year, or about 30.5$ an hour and the jobs for police officers are projected to grow by 7% in the next 7 years.Today, we will help you get a job you want so bad by guiding you through the process of writi ng a great resume that recruiters wont be able to resist!We will cover all the good and bad practices, the tips and the tricks, and the right and the wrong.Lets get to it!Resume Example of a Police Officer Right Additional Police Officer Resume Example Right Create your own resumeWRITING THE PERSONAL INFO SECTION â€" TIPS TRICKSLets start off your resume with the easiest section the personal info section! Youll see, here its very easy to understand what should and what shouldnt be written.Lets go over the dos and donts when writing this section.Dont skip this part!Even though this is the easiest section, there are still some mistakes to be made!Full NameAny nicknames from high school or college shouldnt find their way here. Also, make sure you put your last name as well as your first name.We dont doubt you knowing how to write your full first and last name, so we wont waste any more of your time by explaining to you how to do it.Jenny Simpson RightJenny Simpson Woman of Law WrongProfessionAlways make sure to write the name of your current profession. If you want to narrow it down to something more concrete than a police officer, that works great with recruiters because they get a better picture of what your expertise is!PhotoAs some one who is applying for a position in law enforcement, you should be familiar with headshots and how to take them.All you need for this section is a high-quality headshot and youll be good. Pictures of you working can work great too, but always double-check this by asking someone for a second opinion.Just because you think a certain picture of yours is cool doesnt mean that it is professional enough to be placed in a resume.Avoid putting grainy, low-quality pictures or pictures of you with other people, as that will leave a very unprofessional taste.Phone NumberWriting down your number cant be that hard, right?All you have to do is write down your full number. But you also need to keep yourself close to the phone in case the recruiter rings you.Not answering a phone call regarding a job opportunity can only be saved by calling back the same day.If you miss the call, you blew your chance, so keep your phone close and in the resume, write down the number you are actually going to use. AddressThis information doesnt have to be written in your resume.If the recruiter really wants to know it, he or she will ask for it later.Still, it doesnt hurt to put it there since some of them prefer knowing where their candidates live and whether they will need to relocate you or help you with transportation.E-Mail AddressAs with the phone number, the same rule applies here check your e-mail regularly. If you dont respond to it, the chances are that the job position is taken by now.Always write down a professional-looking e-mail address which you are going to check at least once a day.jenny.simpson@gmail.com Rightjennygirl123@gmail.com WrongSocial Media ProfilesHere a couple of types of social media profiles which you should consider adding to your resume:LinkedIn a bigger and better look at your professional profile. Even though it might be tempting to put everything you ever did in your entire life in your resume, save something for your LinkedIn profile. On this social me dia, you have the space to explain everything you did or studied in full detail.Facebook keep in mind that a lot of recruiters look for you on Facebook anyway, so you might as well link your profile in your resume. Keep your profile clear of any really unprofessional posts. This doesnt mean that you should erase your private things, just the unprofessional and the eyebrow-raising posts.Skype Some people still prefer to talk over it, and you might get an interview over Skype, so you can write down your Skype ID in your resume.We dont recommend that you write down your Instagram account, or any other social media which is highly personal and visual.GUIDE ON WRITING THE SUMMARY SECTION OF A POLICE OFFICERIn this section, you should summarize everything you did in your career.Try to be as concrete as possible about your motives and skills. Its always a good idea to imagine how your friends from work might say about you if asked and write the things that come to mind (just the good thi ngs, leave out your weaknesses, you will talk about them during the interview if given a chance). Lets look at the right and wrong example and compare them.SummaryA deeply committed individual who cares about protecting the law and the lives of the citizens around me. I am a community-driven fast-reactor and good pressure handler. My colleagues describe me as someone who is quick to answer an emergency call and who will do everything it takes to prevent crime. Building trust among my colleagues comes naturally to me and people around me. RightSummaryA committed individual who cares about protecting the law and the lives of the citizens around me. WrongWe see that the right example is much more detailed and provides more information to the recruiter. while the wrong one doesnt really say anything useful.A summary should be used to explain (or sell) yourself in a couple of sentences that best describe you, your career and your ambitions for the future.EXPERIENCE IS THE MOST IMPORTAN T PART OF A POLICE OFFICER’S RESUME â€" LEARN HOW TO WRITE IT THE BEST WAYThis is the most important part of the resume.This is the part where you highlight where you worked/are working and what youve accomplished there. Take your time to write this section.The things you write here should be as concrete as possible, the recruiters will appreciate that. Again, lets look at a right and wrong example so you can get a better picture. Right WrongWhen we compare the two, the first thing we notice is that the right example is much more precise about the dates of your work.Also, we notice how much more concrete your experience is described. Instead of saying Performed patrols it says Successfully executed more than 100 patrols.This gives the recruiter a better understanding of what exactly you did.WRITING AN EDUCATION SECTION OF A POLICE OFFICER’S RESUME IMPROVES CHANCES SIGNIFICANTLYThis is also one of the easier sections. All you have to do is write the name of your latest degree and where you studied to get it.Just to be safe and to make sure you dont make a mistake near the end of your resume, lets dissect the following two examples: Right WrongOn your first look, you will notice that the right example gives more information than the wrong one.Not only did you mention your GPA (which should only be mentioned when its worth mentioning it), but you also included something extra (being a member of the International Association of Women Police).PRO TIPS FOR WRITING THE SKILLS SECTIONYour skills section should have skills that directly impact your competence for the job.Other than that, you might want to mention other skills as well. But not those that are irrelevant. You should definitely cover several sections:Police Officer skillsOther skillsLanguagesBy doing this, you make it easier for the recruiter to skim through the resume and check if you have the skills that they are looking for.Keep in mind that some people have programs which go through your resume looking for skills as keywords, so really do put effort into mentioning each and everyone you have.But be vary, writing down skills you dont have just to he dge your bets is always risky and we dont condone it. Right WrongAs you can see, when we compare the right and wrong example, it looks more professional if your skills section is organized.Believe us, your potential employer will thank you for making your resume easy to read.FINAL TIPS TRICKS THAT’LL ACT AS A CHERRY ON TOP OF YOUR RESUMEAfter reading all of this, you are finally ready to create your own amazing resume! But, before we let you get to it, lets first go over some tips and tricks to cement your knowledge.These tips and tricks are here to help you avoid making silly mistakes and to make your resume look even better!Lets take a look at them one by one:Include these main police officer skills Police patrol operations, Law enforcement, Crime prevention, Responding to emergencies, Defensive tactics, Handling different types of weapons, Writing incident reports, Suspect booking and interrogation, Search regulations, Seize regulations, Traffic stops, Accident investigations, Criminal investigations, Crime scene preservation, Commun ity relationsDont let your resume be longer than one page A professional resume is always a one-pager. If you cant put everything you want to put into one page, you didnt narrow it down enough. Look at this from the perspective of a recruiter would you read everything from every candidate? No, you would only look at the most important details, and if your resume is a one-pager, that means that only the most important things are written on there.Double-check your grammar Always read through your resume before sending it. Ideally, ask someone who is good at grammar to take a look at it and correct it for you if needed. Grammar mistakes really leave a bad impression, and honestly, there isnt an excuse for making one. If you want the job, you have to put effort into your resume looking professional.Keep in mind that the interview is the more important part of the process Good job! You got a call from them asking you to come down so they can do an interview for you! Amazing! But, don t count your eggs before they hatch. The interview is even more important than your resume, so make sure you prepare for it and be ready to present them the best version of yourself!CONCLUSIONLike weve said, even though there is very high demand for police officers, that doesnt mean that its easy to get that job.The selection process should still be taken very seriously, and you should still put effort into writing a great resume.Think of it like this, you are a great candidate, so you dont deserve a resume that doesnt present you in such away.That is why we created this guide.To help you present yourself as the best version of you. Hopefully, by reading it, you now know how to do it.Looking for a job can really be a scary process, but if you know what you are doing and what the recruiters are looking for, that scary feeling wont last long.Now that youve seen all the right and wrong examples, all the tips and tricks and all the examples, it is time for the part where you will learn the most writing the resume!You know everything you need to know, now its just a matter of putting in the work.Good luck and enjoy the process. We believe in you, that opportunity is yours! Create your own resume

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Measuring Financial Performance Example

Essays on Measuring Financial Performance Assignment Measuring Financial Performance Table of contents Introduction †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦..3 Importance of financial performance appraisal ..................................................†¦3 Employees’ motivation†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦.†¦.3 Charting progress†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.....4 Enhancing good relations†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.†¦4 Profitability ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦;†¦5 Working capital ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦..†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.6 Limitations of financial ratios†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦...†¦7 Overtrading†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦....8 Conclusion†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦10 Reference list†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.11 Introduction The financial progress of a firm is very crucial in determining future growth. The aim of any firm is to maintain a positive financial performance throughout the business life. In essence, the future life of a business concern is usually uncertain and, therefore, it is necessary to conduct regular financial appraisal to assess the financial progress of a company. Sandler Keefe (2004) argue that performance appraisal can be described as a systematic process that involves monitoring and assessing performance of individuals towards achieving the established organisational goals. Several studies have revealed that performance appraisal has become very popular among modern business enterprises. Essentially, it is imperative to note that there are various benefits that a firm enjoys for having an organised appraisal of its financial performance. Apparently, some of the reasons why it is imperative for companies to appraise their financial performance include employees’ motivation, enhancing good relations and charting progress. Importance of financial performance appraisal Employees’ motivation Appraisal of the financial performance assesses the performance of the employees in various departments. In this regard, employees are obliged to be accountable for the financial transaction then engage in daily. Therefore, it can be observed that appraisal of financial performance promotes employees’ efficiency. In essence, financial performance appraisal is an effective motivational technique for employees. In most cases, companies offer attractive packages such as bonuses and paid holidays to employees who portray outstanding performance. As a result, the workforce is motivated to perform to the best of its ability to benefit from the rewards offered by the company. Moreover, performance appraisal motivates the management to establish structures that promote positive development of the company. Charting progress Financial performance appraisal aids in tracking the progress of a company on the basis of financial transaction. In essence, regular appraisal facilitates comparison of financial performance between various fiscal periods. In this regard, a company gets the foundation to base future cash flow projections. Basically, financial planning is usually based on the past cash flow patterns and, therefore, financial performance appraisal proves to be an effective planning tool. In addition, it is a measure of improvement that employees and the company can use to assess their ability to deliver. In addition, decisions such as demotions, salary increment and promotions are usually based on the performance appraisal reports. Therefore, it is clear that financial performance appraisal can be an appropriate approach to ensuring positive progressive results. Enhancing good relations Financial performance appraisal involves the management team meeting the company’s employees. Essentially, regular meetings between the employees and the company management create good relations in the workplace. Moreover, effective communication is enhanced thereby promoting appropriate means of problem-solving within the organization. Consequently, the employees get a chance to share work experience and challenges thereby promoting the quality of performance. In essence, it can be observed that financial performance appraisal is a sound mechanism for bringing the company’s workforce together. In addition, it strengthens the union between the employer and the employees’ thereby boosting performance. Profitability ratios John Lewis Partnership plc Annual Report and Accounts 2014. Source: https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=4cad=rjauact=8ved=0CDUQFjADurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnlewispartnership.co.uk%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fcws%2Fpdfs%2Ffinancials%2Fannual%2520reports%2FJLP-annual-report-and-accounts-2014.pdfei=p0lnVfvPHIeU7QaL7oLABAusg=AFQjCNH0wNB_y22wp3XxZD_qM9GfR8AWFwsig2=Qbi_YQ4O6bSCAU60wh6cFQbvm=bv.93990622,d.ZGU a) Gross profit ratio 2014 Gross profit ratio = gross profit/ sales *100 3018.9/ 10171.5*100= 29.679988 2013 Gross profit ration= 2825.4/9541.3*100 =29.612317 b) Net profit ratio 2014 Net profit ratio= net profit/sales*100 -9.7/10171.5*100 =-0.0953645 2013 Net profit ratio = 3.7/9541.3*100 =0.03877878 c) Return on Net Assets (RONA) 2014 329.1/ (5524-1705.6)*100 =8.6187932 2013 RONA= 343.3/ (5363.6-1633.9) =9.2044937 Working capital ratios a) Debtor days 2014 Debtor days = (Trade debtors/credit sales)*365 = (225.9/10171.5)*365 =8 days 2013 Debtor days = (191.1/9541.3)*365 =192.1/9541.3*365 =7 days b) Creditor days 2014 Creditor days = trade creditors/purchases * 365 =135.5/10171.5*365 =5 days 2013 Creditor days= 119.3/9541.3*365 =6 days c) Stock turnover days 2014 Stock turnover days= inventory/cost of sales * 365 =554/6008.9*365 =34 days 2013 Stock turnover days = 514/5640.1*365 =33 days Limitations of financial ratios Narrow coverage Apparently, financial ratios are only fit for companies that deal with limited line of products or services. Essentially, companies that deal with a number of lines of production may not enjoy the benefits of using the financial ratios for analysis. Actually, the more complex an organization is, the more complex it is to employ ratio analysis techniques. Therefore, it can be learnt that the use of financial ratios is not appropriate for large companies. Basically, large companies have many transactions taking place simultaneously and, therefore, assessing the progress of such transactions can be very challenging. In this case, use of financial ratios cannot serve as effective analysis tools. Unreliable Ratio analysis is based on the available financial statements of the company. In this regard, malicious recording of transaction in the company’s books of account might result in misleading analysis (Ogilvie Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. (2008). In essence, a company might manipulate its financial records to please the promoters or external investors. In this regard, using the various ratios to analysis such records will be erroneous since there are founded on malice. Therefore, ratio analysis is not a perfect mechanism for assessing a company’s progress since it is difficult to ascertain the credibility of the financial records. For this reason, companies should never over rely on ratio analysis to evaluate performance. It is customarily logical to employ a variety of mechanisms to analyse a company’s financial performance rather than over relying on a single mechanism. Seasonal changes The financial performance of a company is affected by many factors. Therefore, these factors affect the cash flows generated every financial year. As a result, understanding the seasonal changes of cash flows for a company might be very difficult. In this regard, ratio analysis is not effective in assessing financial performance of a company that experience irregular and unpredictable cash flows. Moreover, seasonal changes affect the historical ratio analysis of the company. Overtrading This refers to a situation where a company’s sales grow at a rate that the company is not able to finance. The situation leads to accumulation of accounts payable or accounts receivables thereby leading to insufficiency of working capital (Harvard Business School, 2009). Some of the causes of overtrading include over-investment in fixed assets, excessive drawings and misappropriation of business funds. Essentially, over-investment in fixed assets leaves the company with little or no capital to run the daily operations. In this regard, the company ends up in overtrading. In addition, excessive drawings cause financial shortage thereby resulting overtrading in the long run. Moreover, misappropriation of funds also causes over trading. Basically, misappropriation of funds leaves important projects unattended to thereby causing financial troubles a company. Conclusion Business concerns have established diverse mechanisms to handle challenges that they face in their daily operations. Financial performance appraisal has emerged as one of the best strategies for measuring a company’s progress. In essence, business scholars have cited various benefits for using performance appraisal in assessing financial progress. Some of the benefits include employees’ motivation, tracking a company’s progress, and promoting friendly relations among the employees and between the employees and the employer. Basically, financial ratios aid in the analysis of financial performance of a firm. However, the ratios are associated with several limitations that affect their efficiency. Research has shown that financial ratios do not handle the problem of misleading recording of financial transactions. In addition, ratio analysis for large companies is ineffective. Moreover, ratio analysis does not address the problem of unpredictable cash flows of a comp any. In this regard, companies should be cautious on basing their financial plans on the ratio analysis results. In fact companies should have various alternatives for tracking financial progress and performance. Over relying on one method can be very disastrous to the future development of a company. Reference list: Ogilvie, J., Chartered Institute of Management Accountants. (2008).  Management accounting - financial strategy. Oxford: CIMA. Sandler, C., Keefe, J. (2004).  Performance appraisal phrase book: The best words, phrases, and techniques for performance reviews. Avon, Mass: Adams Media. Harvard Business School. (2009).  Performance appraisal: Expert solutions to everyday challenges. Boston, Mass: Harvard Business Press. John Lewis Partnership plc Annual Report and Accounts (2014). Retrieved on 29th may 2015 from: https://www.google.com/url?sa=trct=jq=esrc=ssource=webcd=4cad=rjauact=8ved=0CDUQFjADurl=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.johnlewispartnership.co.uk%2Fcontent%2Fdam%2Fcws%2Fpdfs%2Ffinancials%2Fannual%2520reports%2FJLP-annual-report-and-accounts-2014.pdfei=p0lnVfvPHIeU7QaL7oLABAusg=AFQjCNH0wNB_y22wp3XxZD_qM9GfR8AWFwsig2=Qbi_YQ4O6bSCAU60wh6cFQbvm=bv.93990622,d.ZGU

Ruthless Ap Language Essay Samples Nerds Strategies Exploited

Ruthless Ap Language Essay Samples Nerds Strategies Exploited The New Fuss About Ap Language Essay Samples Nerds Language is also a way to communicate ideas, wisdom and emotions to other individuals throughout the use of the human body. Body language covers almost all of these objectives and aids in achieving the ultimate goals of communication as intended within this project. It is one of the most effective means of relaying very sensitive information and maintaining the confidentiality of the message passed across. Body languages are somewhat more advantageous and it can handle situations that maynot be handled by other ways. We will consider various functions of language, and its connection to social conditions, since language is connected to the kind of social organization. English has simply developed to be a simple means of communication between various nations. Any language is decided by means of a variety of factors, like a social background, attitudes and origin of individuals. The approach to reconstructing the language can be a fairly tiring career, help save, that it's pretty essential too. Inform us in the comments below, or get in contact here to learn more about courses that could aid you with your essays! Attempt to completely cover the topic you've chosen. Choose a single theme amidst these great essay topics. The SAT Writing and Language Test asks you to be an editor and improve passages which were written particularly for the testand which include deliberate errors. Language is always associated with situation it's used within. It is symbolic because of the trafficking of non-sensory understanding of ideas or thoughts through the reading of symbols. It plays a crucial role in personal identity. If you opt to complete English language essay yourself, it's your pick. Whenever you are proofreading your essay, it is advisable to understand what things to look for. Whenever you are proofreading your essay, it's advisable to understand what things to hunt for. The Foolproof Ap Language Essay Samples Nerds Strategy Though the conclusion paragraph comes at the conclusion of your essay it ought not be regarded as an afterthought. Subsequently, essay was defined in a number of ways. You can find a number of interesting hints about how to create your English language essay be a true masterpiece. Choose the subject of your essay. This type may be known as an ethics paper. Essentially, they lead the reader from 1 section of the paragraph of another one. Numerous alternative logical structures for essays are visualized as diagrams, making them simple to implement or adapt in the building of an argument. An outline can help you stay on topic and ensures you include the big points you would like to get across to your audience. In the long run, however, remember that excellent writing doesn't happen by accident. Needless to say, realize that however well you present your fact-filled argument, many individuals still won't agree with you. One of the methods where the adoptive parents might need to integrate the youngster's heritage in their family is via learning and using more than 1 language in the house. It's correct that English has been introduced in the discipline of Business for plenty of years. Want to Know More About Ap Language Essay Samples Nerds? From time to time, you can want to acknowledge a s hortfalling in a sheet of evidence, or add a proviso. You should pick the best words to use depending on the text surrounding them. When you're writing, attempt to prevent employing the very same words and phrases over and over again. Last schwas might or might not be preserved in speech. Moreover, the language tone depends on the fashion in which vowels are arranged. 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John F. Kennedy - A Thousand Days Essays - Kennedy Family

John F. Kennedy - A thousand days John F. Kennedy - A thousand days John F. Kennedy was destined to be president of the United States. He would rather mold history than let history mold itself. John Kennedy was born in Brookline, MA in 1917. His mother was Irish and his father was a graduate of Harvard University and had entered the business world. After their arrival as immigrants, John's grandparents entered politics. John had attended four different schools before attending Harvard. He first attended Dexter School in Brookline where he played football. He was then enrolled at the Riverdale Country Day School in Bronxville, NY because his father had moved for business reason. He had also attended the Canterbury School in New Milford, MA and then he spent his secondary school years at Choate in Wallingford, CT. As a student, Kennedy was average. He had potential of a great intellect and had a capacity to learn but he failed to apply himself. Therefore, he was happy as a B student. In 1946, JFK started down the road mapped out for him by his father. Since Kennedy was more of a scholar than a politician, it wasn't easy when he ran for Congress from Massachusetts' 11th district. Since his family was well known, he fit right in. He served in the House of Representatives for six years. Then in 1952, he ran for the Senate against Henry Cabot Lodge. He won and then began to capture the eyes of men in the Democratic Party. In 1956 he decided to run as the Democratic Vice Presidential nominee, but he lost to the Senator of Tennessee. His effort, however, earned him national prominence, exactly what he wanted. In 1960 he won the Democratic Presidential Contest. From that time on JFK had developed into one of the most effective speakers in the history of the presidency. While a junior member of the Senate in 1952, Kennedy me Jacquelin Lee Bouvier, who was working as a photographer for the Washington Times Herald. On September 12, 1953, they married in Hyannis Port on Cape Cod. Although Kennedy was not born a politician, he learned the trade fast. His quest for presidency started in 1959. His campaign was a very exhausting experience for him. He had planned early on that he would "cover everything, do everything and see everyone." The highlight of the 1960 Presidential Campaign was the series of four television debates between Kennedy and his opponent, Richard M. Nixon. Even off screen, Kennedy had a way of turning the debates to his advantage. When the ratings were in, Kennedy had clearly passed up his opponent by a considerable margin. Many experts believe that his appearance on television was the key factor in winning most of the votes. They said that Nixon came off poorly and even looked poorly. When all the speeches were over, Kennedy returned to Boston to cast his vote at the West End Branch Library. Within a few hours it was clear that Kennedy had been elected to do one of the most demanding jobs in the world. John Kennedy had two children, Caroline and John Jr. Mrs. Kennedy tried very hard to keep them out of the spotlight because she was afraid that it would have an adverse effect on their development. John Jr. loved to hang out in his father's office. John always found time to spend with his family. It was very rare that he didn't unless there was a very hectic issue he had to deal with as president. While the children were cared for much of the time by Maud Shaw, their private nurse, Mrs. Kennedy would take over whenever time allowed. More than anything else, the children of John Kennedy served to personalize and humanize the man. Scenes of the president playing with his children, carrying their teddy bears, listening to their problems and caring for their needs were deeply moving scenes. And when he died, Caroline and John were not yet old enough to understand. Someday they will and they, more than anyone, will be able to remember the human side of the man who worked so long and hard for his country. Maybe Caroline summed it up when she once said, "That's not the president, that's my daddy." Jackie Kennedy was the daughter of a New York banker, John Bouvier and Mrs. Hugh D. Auchincloss of Georgetown. Following a liberal arts education in American schools, Jackie went to Paris to study at the Sorbonne. Just after meeting John Kennedy when she was a freshman senator, she took a job

Complete List of Crucible Characters

Complete List of Crucible Characters SAT / ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips Who are The Crucible characters? What do they do and when do they show up in the play? Find out in this overview of the characters in Arthur Miller's The Crucible. In this article, I'll go over each of the Cruciblecharacters by name, pinpoint which act(s) each character appears in and/or is mentioned in, and briefly describe each character and what she/he does in The Crucible. Central Cast of The Crucible To start off with, I'll discuss the seven characters in The Crucible who are integral to the plot of the drama: John Proctor, Abigail Williams, Mary Warren, Giles Corey, Rebecca Nurse, Reverend Hale, and Elizabeth Proctor. For each of these characters, you'll get an overview of their relationships with other characters in the play, a short description of their personality, and a rundown of the actions they take throughout the play. John Proctor John Proctor is the central character whom the drama of The Crucible revolves around. This primacy is helped by the fact that he has relationships with many of the other characters in the play: Proctor is husband to Elizabeth Proctor, former (adulterous) lover of Abigail Williams, employer of Mary Warren, friend of Giles Corey and Francis Nurse (and by extension their wives), and not a fan (though not precisely an enemy) of Reverend Parris. Proctor is described by Miller as â€Å"respected and even feared in Salem,† having â€Å"a sharp and biting way with hypocrites† even though he â€Å"regards himself as a kind of a fraud† (p. 19) due to his affair with Abigail Williams. Act 1: We find out that Proctor had an affair with Abigail that he says he no longer wishes to continue. Proctor is skeptical of witchcraft and of Parris's claims of persecution and leaves shortly after Reverend Hale arrives at the Parris household. Act 2: Elizabeth and John discuss the events that have been happening in Salem; Elizabeth encourages John to tell the court what Abigail told him about the girls faking it, which triggers a discussion about John's affair with Abigail and his continuing guilt about it. Over the course of the act, Proctor becomes frightened of the power the girls have with their accusations, especially once his wife is arrested for witchcraft. Act 3: Proctor goes to court to fight the charges against his wife and dispute the veracity of the girls' claims; he eventually ends up being accused of witchcraft himself. Act 4: Tormented over whether or not to confess to witchcraft to save himself, Proctor ultimately ends up tearing up his signed confession and going to the gallows with what remains of his integrity intact. For a deeper exploration of John Proctor’s character traits and actions, read our character analysis of him. Abigail Williams Also Known As: Abby Williams Abigail is the niece of Reverend Parris and the cousin of Betty Parris. She also used to work as a servant with the Proctors, before she was sent away by Elizabeth Proctor for having an affair with Elizabeth's husband John. She is friends (or at least acquaintances) with Mercy Lewis and eventually becomes the ringleader of the "afflicted" girls (i.e. the girls who accuse people of being witches). Miller describes Abigail as "seventeen...a strikingly beautiful girl, an orphan, with an endless capacity for dissembling" (p. 8); in essence, he is calling her a pretty little liar. Act 1: Abigail is accused by her uncle of dancing in the woods (possibly naked) and of being soiled; she vehemently denies this, but when he leaves Betty wakes and accuses Abigail of drinking a potion to kill Elizabeth Proctor. Eventually, Abigail manages to get out of being punished by first accusing Tituba of forcing her to drink the potion and then appearing to confess her bewitching and accusing others of witchcraft. Act 2: We find out, first via Mary Warren and then via Ezekiel Cheever, that Abigail has accused Elizabeth Proctor of witchcraft. Act 3: Abigail is questioned about faking her symptoms and denounces it as a lie; she then leads the girls in a hysterical display against Mary Warren when Mary tries to discredit them and succeeds in influencing Mary to abandon her testimony. Act 4: We hear from her uncle, Reverend Parris, that Abigail has run off with Mercy Lewis and some of her uncle’s money. For more about Abigail Williams and her role in The Crucible, read our in-depth discussion of Abby, and our analysis of important Abigail Williams quotes. Me? Accuse someone of witchcraft so I could marry her husband and run off with my uncle's money when that didn't work out? Whyever would you think such a thing? Mary Warren Mary Warren is a servant to John and Elizabeth Proctor and part of the group of girls accusing people of witchcraft. Described by Miller as "seventeen, a subservient, naà ¯ve lonely girl" (p. 17), Mary is motivated both by her desire to be a part of "the great doings in the world" (p. 20) and her fears of getting in trouble (whether with Abigail or the Proctors). Act 1: Mary shows up at the Parris household to confer with Abigail and Mercy about what's going on (since they were all dancing in the woods the night before). Act 2: Mary arrives back at the Proctors' slightly more confident due to her role in the court; she brings Elizabeth a poppet she made and both the Proctors news of what has been happening in Salem and reveals that she managed to stave off one accusation of witchcraft against Elizabeth (although it turns out that after Mary left, Elizabeth was accused again). After Elizabeth is arrested and taken away, Mary is yelled at by John Proctor and told she has to testify in court about how she made the poppet, stuck a needle in it, and gave it to Elizabeth. Act 3: Mary is bullied by John Proctor into testifying how there is nothing supernatural occurring in Salem. This ends up backfiring when she is accused of sending her spirit to torment the girls; eventually, Mary accuses Proctor himself of being a witch and returns to the fold of accusers. Discover more about Mary Warren’s role in The Crucible with our character analysis of her. Giles Corey Giles Corey is husband to Martha Corey and friends with John Proctor and Francis Nurse. A cantankerous old man who has no problem suing even his friends for perceived insults, Giles is described by Miller as "a crank and a nuisance, but withal a deeply innocent and brave man" (p. 38). Act 1: Giles wanders into the Parris house to find out what’s going on. He tells Reverend Hale that he thinks it’s weird his wife Martha reads all the time and that whenever she reads, Giles has trouble praying (conveniently omitting the information that Giles has just started to go to church more regularly and so naturally would have difficulty remembering his prayers). Act 2: Giles comes to the Proctors’ house along with Francis Nurse to report that both their wives have been arrested for witchcraft; he asks Proctor’s advice for what to do Act 3: Giles storms into court to try to prove his wife isn’t a witch. He ends up being condemned for contempt of court when he won’t name the person who told him that Putnam’s daughter accused George Jacobs of being a witch in order to be able to purchase George Jacobs’ forfeited land. Act 4: We learn via Elizabeth Proctor that Giles was pressed to death (with stones on his chest) since he refused to answer the accusations against him one way or another so his property would stay in his family. For a more detailed discussion of Giles Corey and what happened to him, read our dedicated Giles Corey character analysis. Rebecca Nurse Also Known As: Goody Nurse Rebecca is married to Francis Nurse. She is friendly with everyone in Salem except for Ann Putnam, whose concerns over her daughter Ruth Rebecca kind of brushes off in Act 1. Act 1: Rebecca comes over to the Parris household and tries to calm everyone down, saying it’s probably just girls being girls and not anything supernatural. When it becomes clear that everyone else wants to go ahead with the investigation of possible witchy causes for the girls’ behavior, she departs. Act 2: The audience learns from Francis Nurse that Rebecca has been arrested for the murder of Ann Putnam’s seven children who died in infancy. Act 3: The audience learns via Hale that Rebecca has been found guilty of witchcraft in court (p. 80). Act 4: Rebecca is saddened to learn that John is going to confess to witchcraft, then uplifted when he decides not to; they both go to the gallows together. For more discussion of the function of Rebecca Nurse in the play, make sure to read our complete analysis of Rebecca Nurse in The Crucible The Crucible. Reverend John Hale Reverend Hale is an "expert" on witchcraft, called in from Beverly by Reverend Parris as a precautionary measure (in case Betty Parris's affliction is supernatural in nature). Described by Miller at the beginning of the play as "nearing forty, a tight-skinned, eager-eyed intellectual," (p. 30), Hale changes over the course of the play from an idealist who believes he has the power to root out the Devil to a disillusioned man who realizes he has added to a hysteria and caused the deaths of innocents. Act 1: Hale appears in response to Parris’s summons. Excited to use his specialized skills to hunt out the Devil, Hale ends up (inadvertently) pressuring Tituba into confessing until she names names. Act 2: Hale comes to the Proctors to check in on them, since he’s heard some disturbing things about them (John doesn’t go to church often, Elizabeth was accused of being a witch that day, etc); he quizzes John on his commandments and is upset/shocked to hear that the girls might be faking their fits and lying to the court. He seems conflicted (â€Å"in great pain†) but still unwilling to completely accept how thoroughly he’s screwed everything up (p. 68). Act 3: Hale ineffectually tries to stop the juggernaut he has set into motion; he now realizes that witchcraft isn’t as black and white as he thought because at least some of the accusations clearly stem from ulterior motivations and there's no evidence besides hearsay for convictions†¦but it’s too late. Storms off after Proctor is ordered to jail by Danforth (p. 1), denouncing the court and what it is doing. Act 4: Hale has returned to Salem to try to get the accused witches to confess and save their lives so he can feel less guilty/accumulate less blood on his hands. He does not succeed. Reverend Hale, by the end of The Crucible. Reykjavik statue/used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Elizabeth Proctor Elizabeth Proctor is married to John Proctor. Elizabeth dislikes Abigail Williams, likely due to the fact that John Proctor committed adultery with Abigail. While Miller does not give Elizabeth any specific stage direction descriptions they way he does with many of the other characters, we learn through various bits of dialogue that Elizabeth had been sick the previous winter (p. 61). Act 2: Elizabeth tries to urge her husband to go to town to tell everyone Abigail is a liar – first because it’s the right thing to do, then because she’s worried Abigail is going to accuse Elizabeth of being a witch in order to take her place in John’s life (and bed). She is disappointed that John met with Abigail alone and somehow failed to mention that detail to her, but is not allowed to defend herself because John’s internal guilt causes him to react angrily and volubly to her fears. Elizabeth accepts a poppet from Mary and tries to protect Mary from John’s wrath at Mary's having neglected her duties at home to go off to the court and accuse people of witchcraft. At the end of the act, Elizabeth is arrested and taken in after it’s revealed Abigail called her out as a witch (after Mary Warren and Hale left for the day) and she has that damning poppet with a needle stuck in it. Act 3: Elizabeth is brought into the court to confirm that Abigail Williams was dismissed from her position for sleeping with John Proctor, since John has boasted that Elizabeth never lies. In a crisis of faith, Elizabeth chooses to lie to protect her husband’s reputation; this unfortunately ends up having a negative effect as it undercuts John’s accusation that Abigail is accusing Elizabeth of being a witch in order to marry John. Act 4: Elizabeth is asked by Danforth and Hale to convince John to confess to save his life; instead, she basically just acts as a sounding board while John agonizes over what to do. She also tearfully confesses that John Proctor is the best and that she shouldn’t have judged him because only he can judge himself, and tells him that whatever he chooses is okay by her (p. 127): Do what you will. But let none be your judge. There be no higher judge under Heaven than Proctor is! Forgive me, forgive me, John- I never knew such goodness in the world! She covers her face, weeping. When Parris and Hale try to get Elizabeth to stop John after he’s torn up his confession and is on his way to the gallows, she does not, stating, â€Å"He have his goodness now. God forbid I take it from him!† (p. 134). Other Salem Residents in The Crucible Aside from the seven central Crucible characters listed above, there are also many other Salem residents who appear in this play. Whether they accuse others of being witches, are accused of being witches themselves, or are simply townspeople with an axe to grind against Reverend Parris, the characters below all contribute to move the action of the plot forward. Reverend Samuel Parris Reverend Parris is the father of Betty Parris, uncle of Abigail Williams, and minister of Salem. He is not portrayed in a positive light in this play, being described by Miller from the very beginning as someone who "cut a villainous path through history" who "believed he was being persecuted wherever he went." Through his actions and words, Parris "very little good to be said for him" (p. 3). Act 1: Parris is worried that Betty is sick, so he has called on Dr. Griggs for medical care and sent for Reverend Hale for spiritual care. He questions Abigail about her dancing in the woods with Betty and Tituba and discusses how he thinks there are people plotting against him and his fears about how people will perceive him if witchcraft is discovered under his roof. Act 3: Still self-important and petty, Parris accuses people who he perceives as a threat or who state they don't believe in witchcraft of lying or having "come to overthrow the court" (p. 82). Act 4: Parris asks Danforth and Hathorne to meet him in jail to discuss the dangers attendant on hanging well-respected members of the community like Rebecca Nurse and John Proctor. Parris explains that he and Hale have been praying with the convicted witches and hoping they'll confess; for Parris, this is because the people about to hang are influential and so their deaths might cause trouble for him. He also mentions that Abigail has disappeared and seems to have stolen his life savings, which prompts Danforth to call him "a brainless man" (p. 7). Parris also tells Danforth that he's been threatened as a result of his actions in the witch trials: â€Å"Tonight, when I open my door to leave my house – a dagger clattered to the ground† (p. 9), but Danforth does not seem to care. Betty Parris Betty is the ten-year-old daughter of Reverend Parris and cousin to Abigail Williams...and doesn't get much more of a character description/development than that. She is the third person in Salem to accuse people of witchcraft (after Tituba and Abby). Other than a brief time onstage in Act 3 (when she chants in unison with the rest of the witch-accusing girls), Betty is only onstage during the opening act of the play. During Act 1, Betty falls ill after dancing in the woods with Tituba and some of the other girls of the village (Abigail Williams, Mercy Lewis, Mary Warren, and Ruth Putnam). When she temporarily rouses from her stupor, Betty accuses Abigail of drinking a potion to kill Goody Proctor (p.18), before falling back into an inert state. Betty livens up again at the end of the act to chime in with her own hysterical accusations of witchcraft. Tituba In her forties, Tituba is Reverend Parris’s slave that he brought with him from Barbados. She is devoted to Betty (p. 7, p. 41) but possibly harbors some resentment against Parris that comes out in her "confession" of witchcraft (p. 44): TITUBA, in a fury: He say Mr. Parris must be kill! Mr. Parris no goodly man, Mr. Parris mean man and no gentle man, and he bid me rise out of my bed and cut your throat! They gasp. But I tell him â€Å"No! I don’t hate that man. I don’t want kill that man.† But he say, â€Å"You work for me, Tituba, and I make you free! I give you pretty dress to wear, and put you way high up in the air, and you gone fly back to Barbados!† Various townspeople (Abigail, Mrs. Putnam) seem to think that Tituba also can "conjure" spirits, which at some points it seems that Tituba herself may also believe ("Devil, him be pleasure-man in Barbados, him be singin’ and dancin’ in Barbados. It’s you folks – you riles him up ‘round here; it be too cold ‘round here for that old Boy. He freeze his soul in Massachusetts, but in Barbados he just as sweet...", p. 3). Act 1: Tituba tries to find out how "her beloved" Betty is doing, but Parris shoos her away; later, she is accused by Abigail of forcing the girls to do the Devil’s work. When pressured by Hale and Parris to confess and give the names of those who are abetting her, Tituba eventually does by naming Goody Good and Goody Osburn (the two women Putnam had previously suggested as witch candidates). Act 4: Tituba is in the jail with Sarah Good, acting as if she very much believes in the Devil. She and Goody Good are hustled out by Herrick to make way for the judges. Susanna Walcott Susanna works for Doctor Griggs and is described by Miller as "a little younger than Abigail, a nervous, hurried girl" (p. 8). Eventually, she joins in with Abigail, Betty, Mercy, and Mary as the "afflicted girls" who accuse others of witchcraft. Act 1: Susanna tells Reverend Parris that Doctor Griggs is concerned Betty’s illness is supernatural in origin (p. 9). Act 2: Susanna has become part of the group of accusers; is one of the people Mary Warren says would’ve witnessed Mary sewing the poppet in court (p. 72). Act 3: Susanna joins in with Abigail and Mercy in accusing Mary Warren of bewitching them via Mary’s bird-shaped spirit (p. 107). steve p2008/used under CC BY 2.0/Cropped from original. Mercy Lewis Mercy is a servant to the Putnams and seems to be the particular caretaker of Ruth. She also appears friendly with Abigail Williams (which makes sense, as they were dancing in the woods together) and contemptuous of Mary Warren. Mercy is described by Miller as "a fat, sly, merciless[get it, get it, because her name is MERCY yet she shows no mercy]girl of eighteen" (p. 16). Act 1: Mercy has come to the Parris house to find out what’s going on. She gets to confer with Abigail about getting their stories straight about what happened in the woods (since Mercy was apparently running around naked in the woods) before she's sent away to get Doctor Griggs for Ruth. Act 3: Mercy is one of the girls in court who accuses Mary Warren of bewitching them via Mary’s bird-shaped spirit (p. 106). Act 4: Parris says that he believes Mercy has run away with his niece, Abigail Williams (p. 6). Mrs. Ann Putnam Also Known As: Goody Putnam, Goody Ann Ann Putnam is wife to Thomas Putnam and the mother of the afflicted Ruth (who we never see onstage) and seven other dead children (who we also never see onstage - because they're dead). There appears to be some friction between her and Rebecca Nurse, possibly because Rebecca Nurse has many living children and grandchildren while Ann only has the one child; it also seems that Rebecca may have chided Ann in the past for not being up to snuff (p. 36): Let God blame me, not you, not you, Rebecca! I’ll not have you judging me any more! Miller further describes Ann as being â€Å"a twisted soul of forty-five, a death-ridden woman, haunted by dreams† (p. 12). So clearly the woman has some issues. Act 1: Ann comes to the Parris household to find out what’s going on and report that her daughter is being afflicted by something possibly supernatural. She knows that the cause of her daughter's illness is something supernatural because she sent her daughter to Tituba to find out (via supernatural means) who murdered Ann’s other seven children in infancy. Ann is ready and willing to believe any explanation for why her children died except that it was natural causes (understandable for a grieving mother). She seizes eagerly upon Tituba’s saying that Goody Osburn was a witch, saying, â€Å"I knew it! Goody Osburn were midwife to me three times. I begged you, Thomas, did I not? I begged him not to call Osburn because I feared her. My babies always shriveled in her hands!† (p. 44). Thomas Putnam Thomas Putnam is husband to Ann Putnam and father of the afflicted Ruth. Described by Miller as "a well-to-do, hard-handed landowner, near fifty" (p. 12) and "deeply embittered" with "a vindictive nature" (p. 14), Putnam has quarrels with nearly every major (male) character who appears onstage in this play. He dislikes Francis and Rebecca Nurse (since their family helped block Putnam’s candidate for minister), Reverend Parris (since he got the job instead of Putnam’s brother-in-law), John Proctor (because he is chopping down wood that Thomas Putnam believes rightfully belongs to him), and Giles Corey (because Corey accuses him of conspiring with his daughter Ruth to kill another man for his land). Act 1: Putnam urges Parris to investigate possible supernatural causes of Betty’s (and his daughter Ruth’s) ailments. Miller intimates (via stage directions) that Putnam doesn’t necessarily believe in witchcraft – he just is looking for a way to gain power and/or make Parris do something dumb that he can then exploit: â€Å"at the moment he is intent upon getting Parris, for whom he has only contempt, to move toward the abyss† (p. 14). Act 3: Putnam briefly shows up in court to say that Giles’ accusations against him are a lie (p.89). Francis Nurse Francis is the husband of accused witch Rebecca Nurse and friends with Giles Corey and John Proctor. Francis is described by Miller as "one of those men for whom both sides of the argument had to have respect," although "as he gradually paid for [the land he'd originally rented] and raised his social status, there were those who resented his rise" (p. 24). Basically, Francis is seen as a fair and upstanding citizen of Salem, although there are some who resent his social-climbing. Through one of Miller's character essays, we learn that Francis is part of the faction that opposed Thomas Putnam’s candidate for minister of Salem (p. 24), which led to bad feelings between the two families (that may have motivated the accusations of Rebecca as a witch). Act 2: Francis lets the Proctors know his wife’s in jail and charged with supernatural murder (p. 67). Act 3: Francis appears in court to present evidence of the girls’ fraud jointly with John Proctor and Giles Corey (p. 80); brings a petition signed by neighbors attesting to his wife’s good name that is then used by the court as a source for arrest warrants, much to Francis’s horror (p. 87) Sarah Good Also Known As: Goody Good The first woman to be accused of witchcraft in Salem, Sarah Good is described by Elizabeth Proctor as â€Å"Goody Good that sleeps in ditches† (p. 58). Act 1: Thomas Putnam floats her name as a possible witch (p. 43); Tituba then picks up on this priming and names her as a co-conspirator (p. 44), followed shortly by Abby (p. 45) Act 2: Mary Warren reports that Sarah Good confessed to attacking the girls supernaturally and so won’t hang; also, Sarah is pregnant at age 60. Act 4: The first (and only) time Sarah Good appears onstage is at the beginning of this act: she is hanging out with Tituba in the jail, acting a little crazy, and seeming to see the Devil. It's unclear whether she thinks the Devil is real or if she’s just playing along at this point because she doesn't have anything to lose and won't be hanged since she's confessed and is pregnant. The Court Officials Besides the general residents of Salem, The Crucible also has the characters involved in the â€Å"legal† part of the witch trials and the â€Å"justice† system. Ezekiel Cheever Cheever was originally an â€Å"honest tailor† (p. 69) but by the time of his appearance in the play (in Act 2) has become â€Å"a clerk of the court† (p. 68). Elizabeth that he "knows [John Proctor] well" (p. 50), but by the time of the trials it is clear that he is no longer held in quite as high esteem ("You'll burn for this, do you know it?", p. 69). Act 2: Cheever comes to arrest Elizabeth Proctor on orders from the court; he is convinced of her guilt when he finds a poppet with a needle stuck in it (p. 70), and isn't willing to believe other explanations for it, even though Mary Warren clearly states that she's the one who made the poppet and stuck the needle in it. Act 3: Cheever testifies about his experience with Goody Proctor and John Proctor in the previous Act (finding the poppet after Elizabeth denied keeping them, John ripping up the arrest warrant); though he prefaces his testimony with an apology to Proctor Marshal Herrick Herrick is the marshal for the court system in Salem, which is to say that he is the person sent to gather up prisoners, stop people from leaving the court and from attacking other people in the court, and lead convicted witches to be hanged. Act 2: Along with Cheever, Herrick comes to the Proctors' house to take Elizabeth Proctor away to the jail, as per orders of the court. Act 3: Herrick vouches for John Proctor’s character (p. 86) and acts as the arm of the court (he stops Proctor from attacking Abigail, stops Abigail from leaving when she’s accused of whorishness, and is asked to take Proctor and Corey to jail). Act 4: Herrick drunkenly clears Sarah Good and Tituba out of on cell of the jail to make way for the judges’ discussion with Parris and Hale. He also shepherds the prisoners (Elizabeth Proctor, John Proctor, and Rebecca Nurse) back and forth between the cells, the main room, and (ultimately) the gallows. Judge Hathorne Judge Hathorne is a Salem judge presiding over the witchcraft trials. Described by Miller in the stage directions as â€Å"a bitter, remorseless Salem judge† (p. 78), Hathorne lives up to that depiction in both word and deed – he shows no mercy to the accused witches or their families and is always willing to believe the worst of people. Judge Hathorne appears in Acts 3 and 4 of The Crucible. Act 3: Hathorne is very concerned with all civilians showing the proper respect to the court and the law (although he's less shrill about it than Parris is). Act 4: Hathorne comes to the jail to confer with Danforth; he is confused by and suspicious of why Hale is back, disapproves of Parris’s increasingly â€Å"unsteady† and wishy-washy demeanor (p. 5), and seems to think everyone is filled with â€Å"high satisfaction† (p. 7) at the hangings of the witches. Fun fact: The character of Judge Hathorne is based on the historical Hathorne who was so reviled that his descendant, author Nathaniel Hawthorne (The Scarlet Letter, House of the Seven Gables), changed the spelling of his last name to avoid being associated with him. Deputy Governor Danforth At the time of the events in the play, Danforth is the Deputy Governor of the entire Province (of Massachusetts). Danforth oversees all of the court proceedings in the play as the highest legal authority. He is described by Miller as "a grave man in his sixties, of some humor and sophistication that do not, however, interfere with an exact loyalty to his position and his cause" (p. 79). While no one in the play seems to like him, exactly, he does command respect from most of the characters, at least at first - as the play continues and it becomes clear that Danforth is more concerned about procedure than justice, characters (including Giles Corey and John Proctor) vocally display their loss of respect for Danforth. Act 3: The audience first sees Danforth in his position as the presiding court judge for the witch trials. Danforth is not swayed by emotion but is swayed by the girls’ demonstrations of witchcraft (perhaps because he can see it with his own eyes, feel their clammy skin, etc). The combination of his dispassionate questioning and his belief in witchcraft means that what logically follows is him ordering the arrests of everyone who signed the petition affirming the good characters of Rebecca Nurse and Martha Corey, holding Giles in contempt of court, and ordering Proctor’s arrest. Act 4: Danforth fills the audience in on what has been going on in Salem between Acts 3 and 4. He continues to lack detectable emotions and base his decisions on legality (e.g. it wouldn’t be fair to postpone the hangings of these witches because we already hanged others) instead of morality (we should avoid killing people unless absolutely necessary and unless all other avenues have been exhausted). When he senses that John Proctor might not be entirely aboveboard in his confession, he warns that if Proctor is lying about being a witch, then he can't stop Proctor from hanging; when Proctor rips up his confession, Danforth feels no qualms about sending him to the gallows (p. 134): Hang them high over the town! Who weeps for these, weeps for corruption! He sweeps out past them. Hopkins A guard at the Salem jail who helps Herrick clear Tituba and Goody Good out of the room to make way for Danforth in Act 4. Hopkins doesn’t even get a first name, and only has one line (p.3) - he's mostly there to announce Danforth's arrival. Unseen Characters in The Crucible There are several characters in The Crucible who don’t actually show up onstage but still play an important role in the play. In one case, a character actually has more lines from offstage (Martha Corey) than another character does onstage (Hopkins), while in other cases these offstage, unseen characters are used to move along the action of the play. Martha Corey Martha Corey is the (third) wife of Giles Corey, accused of witchcraft directly by Walcott (and indirectly by Giles himself). We learn through Francis Nurse that Martha Corey is highly thought of in town - or at least, she was until she was accused of witchcraft (p. 67): ...Martha Corey, there cannot be a woman closer yet to God than Martha. While Martha never appears onstage, she is mentioned in all four acts and has three offstage lines in Act 3. Act 1: Giles first brings up his suspicions that Martha's bookishness is somehow causing him to falter at his prayers (despite the fact that he only started regularly going to church when he married her, and so "it didn't take much to make him stumble over [his prayers]" (p. 38). Act 2: Giles reports that Martha's been taken away after Walcott accuses her of bewitching his pigs; Giles explains that he didn’t mean to imply his wife was a witch because she read books (even though that is absolutely what he implied). Act 3: Martha is heard from offstage being questioned by Judge Hathorne about witchcraft at the opening of the act; later, she is mentioned as being one of two accused witches who 91 people declared their good opinion of in a petition (p. 86-87). Act 4: Martha is mentioned as one of the accused witches Hale is trying to convince to confess; later, when John Proctor asks if Martha’s confessed, Elizabeth confirms that â€Å"[s]he will not† (p. 125). Ruth Putnam The only surviving child of Thomas and Ann Putnam, Ruth, like Betty Parris, shows signs of being bewitched. According to Ruth's parents, Ruth was sent by her mother to Tituba to figure out who supernaturally murdered Ruth's seven dead infant siblings; this is no doubt the reason why Ruth "never waked this morning, but her eyes open and she walks, and hears naught, sees naught, and cannot eat" (p. 13). While she never appears onstage, Ruth (and her strange illness) is used in absentia to corroborate the presence of some supernatural evil in Salem during Act 1. Ruth is only brought up again a couple of times during the rest of the play: in Act 3, the audience learns that Ruth is said to have accused George Jacobs of being a witch (p. 89), and that she is not in the court when John Proctor brings Mary Warren to confront the other girls (p. 94). Sarah Osburn Also Known As: Goody Osburn The name of Goody Osburn first comes up in Act 1, when she is suggested by Thomas Putnam as a possible witch (p. 43). This suggestion is then corroborated by the accusations of Tituba (p. 44) and Abigail Williams (p. 45). In Act 2, we learn that Good Osburn is the first witch to be condemned to hang in Salem (p. 54). We also learn that it's not all that surprising that someone would accuse Goody Osburn of being a witch, since she is â€Å"drunk and half-witted† (p.58). George Jacobs In the first act of The Crucible, George Jacobs is named as a witch by Betty Parris (p. 45). His name briefly comes up in Act 2 as the owner of a heifer John Proctor is thinking about buying for his wife (p. 48), but it is not until Act 3 that he becomes more important. In Act 3, Giles Corey alleges that he's heard that Ruth Putnam accused George Jacobs of witchcraft because convicted witches forfeit their property, and the only person who has enough money to buy up that property just so happens to be Ruth’s father, Thomas Putnam (p. 89): ...the day [Putnam's] daughter cried out on Jacobs, he said she’d given him a fair gift of land... The accusation that Ruth had basically handed her father George Jacobs' property by accusing him of witchcraft, however, is never brought to trial because Giles refuses to reveal the name of the person who told him about Putnam's words; therefore, George Jacobs becomes the indirect cause of Giles being arrested for contempt of court (and, ultimately, pressed to death). Bridget Bishop Also Known As: Goody Bishop Bridget Bishop is a tavern proprietor in Salem (p. 4) and is the first witch named by Abigail who wasn’t also named by Tituba (p. 45). Goody Bishop's main role inThe Crucible is as a contrast to Rebecca Nurse; to illustrate how the people hanged earlier in the play were of lower moral character than those set to hang during Act 4, Parris mentions how Bridget â€Å"lived three year with Bishop before she married him† (p. 7). Doctor Griggs Doctor Griggs is mentioned in Act 1 as the man Parris has consulted with to find out what’s wrong with Betty (p. 8) and in Act 2 as the man who confirms Sarah Good is pregnant (p. 56). He's also the employer of Susanna Walcott. Other People Mentioned in The Crucible In addition to all the characters who we've previously discussed, there are also several other people mentioned over the course of the play. Some of these names are useful to know because they give context to character relationships that shape how events unfold in The Crucible (for instance, James Bayley is the brother-in-law of Putnam who was passed over for minister of Salem due to opposition by other townspeople, including Francis Nurse, which causes bad blood between the two families). Some of the other names might be useful if your teacher asks you to list off people accused of witchcraft over the course of the play, or to list people who accused others of witchcraft. Whatever the reason, if you want a list of every name mentioned in The Crucible, we're here for you: see below for the nittiest-of-the-grittiest table of all the named people in The Crucible. Name Description Citation Mr. Collins Reports seeing Betty Parris flying. p. 12 Ingersoll Owns the barn over which Betty Parris is said to have flown. p. 12 James Bayley Brother-in-law of Thomas Putnam who was prevented from becoming minister of Salem by â€Å"a faction† (including Francis Nurse family). p. 13 John Putnam Brother of Thomas Putnam who helped Thomas jail George Burroughs. p. 14 George Burroughs Minister of Salem jailed for debts he didn’t owe by Thomas and John Putnam (possibly out of spite because Burroughs became minister where Bayley wasn’t able to) p. 14 Edward Putnam Signer of the first complaint against Rebecca Nurse; brother of Thomas Putnam. p. 25 Jonathan Putnam Signer of the first complaint against Rebecca Nurse; brother of Thomas Putnam. p. 25 Goody Howe Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 45 Martha Bellows Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 45 Goody Sibber Accused of being a witch by Abigail Williams. p. 45 Alice Barrow Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 45 Goody Hawkins Accused of being a witch by Abigail Williams. p. 46 Goody Bibber Accused of being a witch by Betty Parris. p. 46 Goody Booth Accused of being a witch by Abigail Williams. p. 46 Jonathan [Proctor] Son of Elizabeth and John Proctor. Is not the person who snared the rabbit eaten for dinner by John and Elizabeth in Act 2. p. 48 Walcott Father or other relative of Susanna Walcott. Accuses Martha Corey of witchcraft against his pigs. p. 68 Judge Stoughton Judge at the Salem witch trials. p. 86 Judge Sewall Judge at the Salem witch trials. p. 86 Mr. Lewis Father of Mercy Lewis; reports he thought his daughter was staying over with Abigail Williams for a night. p. 6 Isaac Ward Drunk Salem resident hanged as a witch; John Proctor is compared favorably to him. p. 7 Goody Ballard Named by Elizabeth Proctor as someone who confessed to being a witch. p. 124 Isaiah Goodkind Named by Elizabeth Proctor as someone who confessed to being a witch. p. 124 Common Discussion Topics for The Crucible Characters Now you know all about the characters in The Crucible. But what might you be asked about them? Here are some common essay questions/discussion topics about characters in The Crucible. Practice answering them for yourself to gain a deeper understanding of the play (even if your teachers don't end up asking you these specific questions). Choose a character who you think might represent a certain "type" of person. In your essay, argue which type of person this character represents. Use evidence from the play to support your claims. Be sure to explain why Arthur Miller might have chosen to have this character represent this type of person. Compare and contrast Elizabeth Proctor and Abigail Williams. How is each woman affected by her position in the Puritan theocracy of Salem? How do different characters serve as foils for each other (e.g. Elizabeth and Abigail, Hale and Danforth)? How do characters change throughout the play, namely John Proctor, Mary Warren, and Reverend Hale? How does John and Elizabeth Proctor’s relationship drive the play? Choose one character from The Crucible. Then, argue whether their actions throughout the drama are selfish or sacrificial. Are they heroic or villainous? Was Proctor’s decision not to confess foolish or noble? Is John Proctor a tragic hero? Is The Crucible as a whole a tragedy? How does John Proctor’s dilemma change over the course of the play? Can we fully blame Abigail for the events in the play? For more about how to write effectively about the characters of The Crucible, be sure to read our article on character analysis in The Crucible. What’s Next? Looking for specific character analyses from The Crucible? We’ve got detailed guides to John Proctor, Abigail Williams, Mary Warren, Giles Corey, and Rebecca Nurse on our blog. Want a rundown of the play's action? Then be sure to read our full plot summary of The Crucible. Are you wondering, â€Å"What themes does this play cover? Is McCarthyism somehow involved?† Find out with our discussions of The Crucible themes and McCarthyism in The Crucible! 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6 Common Resume Mistakes That Make Recruiters Cringe

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Old is gold, let us not neglect it Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Old is gold, let us not neglect it - Essay Example Gradually, I developed an attachment with them. The affection between the old couple and me was such that I was off and on discussing their matters with my wife during night times. Indians worldwide normally celebrate their Diwali festival (festival of lights) with unlimited enthusiasm and on one such occasion, my wife and I spent our day with them on their request. "Don't feel shy, have a satisfied lunch," said the old woman to my wife when we together addressed the dining table. Her husband spoke his mind with a silent smile, "we proudly consider you as our children. One day I will take you to my hometown in India .It is a beautiful place." All of a sudden, I was overcome with a feeling of new affections entering my life. 'From here afterwards, this must be my world,' my inner self silently but unknowingly declared. Then, the discussion extended to this and that over lunch. When we got up for washing, it was clear that the old couple were neglected by their son who stayed in the same city with his wife. My wife sat with the old lady in the main hall while we settled down on a sofa in the drawing room. I shot a casual question to the old man, "shall I request your son to take care of you" My enquiry made him furious but the very next moment, his face turned as gloomy and pale as the waning Moon. "No," he said curtly. I apologized but he said instantly, "No.

Ct scan radiation risk and young patients Article

Ct scan radiation risk and young patients - Article Example CT machines have become much faster, and now, it is possible to scan any body part in very less time. The image quality that is on offer is also much better than the older generation of CT machines. At present, the latest multi-slice CT scan machine can accumulate data at around 350 ms. Within less than a second, it is possible for the CT scan machine to use millions of data points and then reconstruct a 512 x 512-matrix image from this. CT scan is among the best and fastest, non-invasive investigative modality for the evaluation of the abdomen, pelvis and chest, and gives a well-defined, cross-sectional view. CT scan is ideal in the diagnosis of cancer of various organs including the liver, pancreas, lung etc, and allows the surgeon to identify a tumor, including its size, location and how much it has spread to adjacent tissue. Among its other uses include the diagnosis and treatment of vascular diseases, pulmonary embolism and abdominal aortic aneurysms, skeletal lesions etc. CT is also widely used in children, in the evaluation of various tumors of the body like neuroblastoma, lymphoma etc and in the imaging of the kidneys. However, when compared to conventional radiography, the use of CT involves much higher doses, and there is a risk of radiation. Many studies have been published about this issue, especially the risk in children. Children are more radiosensitive to radiation exposure when compared to adults. It is estimated that children are ten times more sensitive to effect of radiation than middle- aged adults. Children have more time to develop a radiation-induced cancer due to a longer life-expectancy when compared to adults. It has also been shown that there is an increased dose per milliampere-second, and an increased lifetime risk per unit dose. It has been estimated that in a 1-year-old child, the lifetime cancer mortality risks due to CT scan radiation exposure is around 0.07% (for a head scan) and around 0.18% (for an abdominal scan). This amoun t of radiation exposure is much higher than what an adult would be exposed to. Another major concern is the trend to use multiple scans. It is felt that when compared to just one scan, two to three scans could theoretically double or triple the risk of cancer. Sometimes, during a single examination, more than one scan would be done, which increases the radiation dose further. Thus, in the vast majority of cases, a single scan should be enough. Many studies have provided information that there is link between high dose radiation and the development of malignant tumors in children. In February 2001, the American Journal of Roentgenology was among the first journals to publish the risk of radiation in a young patient after a CT scan. It is also quite common nowadays to use CT as a screening technique even for minor complaints like headache, and this has added to the controversy.   One large study has estimated that on an average, a child would be asked to get a CT scan seven times by the age of eighteen. It has been estimated that in the US alone, about 5 million CT scans are being performed in pediatric patients annually. Another concern is the excessive use of CT scans as a screening tool in patients who are asymptomatic. Due to all these concerns, there is a pressing need to avoid excess radiation dose from CT scanning and optimize the CT scan protocols, especially in young patients. The risk to benefit should always be considered and alternatives to CT scan like MRI or ultrasound should be

Euthanasia and Futile Care :: Euthanasia Physician Assisted Suicide

Euthanasia and "Futile Care" Imagine visiting your 85-year-old mother in the hospital after she has a debilitating stroke. You find out that, in order to survive, she requires a feeding tube and antibiotics to fight an infection. She once told you that no matter what happened, she wants to live. But the doctor refuses further life-sustaining treatment. When you ask why, you are told, in effect, "The time has come for your mother to die. All we will provide is comfort care." Sound far-fetched? It's not. It's already happening. Just as doctors once hooked people up to machines against their will, now many bioethicists advocate that doctors be permitted to refuse life-sustaining treatment that a patient wants but that they deem "futile" or "inappropriate." Alarmingly, hospitals in California and throughout the country have begun to implement these "futile-care" policies that state, in effect: "We reserve the right to refuse service." Medical and bioethics journals for several years kept up a drumbeat advocating the implementation of medical futility policies that hospitals -- for obvious reasons -- don't publicize. The mainstream news media have generally ignored the threat. As a consequence, members of the public and their elected representatives remain in the dark as "futilitarians" become empowered to hand down unilateral death sentences. Indeed, futile-care policies are implemented so quietly that no one knows their extent. No one has made a systematic study of how many patients' lives have been lost or whether futile-care decisions were reached according to hospital policies or the law. The idea behind futile care goes like this: The patient wants life- sustaining treatment; the physician does not believe the quality of the patient's life justifies the costs to the health institution or the physical and emotional burdens of care; therefore, the doctor is entitled to refuse further treatment (other than comfort care) as "futile" or "inappropriate." Treatments withheld under this policy might include antibiotics to treat infection, medicines for fever reduction, tube feeding and hydration, kidney dialysis or ventilator support. Of course, physicians have never been -- nor should they be -- required to provide medical interventions that provide no medical benefit. For example, if a patient demands chemotherapy to treat an ulcer, the physician should refuse. Such a "treatment" would have no medical benefit. But this kind of "physiological futility," as it is sometimes called, is not what modern futile-care theory is all about.

Patronus Charm

â€Å"A Patronus is a kind of positive force, and for the wizard who can conjure one, it works something like a shield, with the Dementor feeding on it, rather than him. In order for it to work, you need to think of a memory. Not just any memory, a very happy memory, a very powerful memory†¦ Allow it to fill you up†¦ lose yourself in it†¦ then speak the incantation â€Å"Expecto Patronum†. † —Remus Lupin teaching Harry Potter the Patronus CharmThe Patronus Charm is a charm that evokes a partially-tangible, positive energy force known as a Patronus (pl. Patronuses Patronuses are also called spirit guardians though this may only refer to corporeal Patronuses. It is primarily designed for defence against otherwise unbeatable Dark creatures like Dementors and Lethifolds, though there are other uses such as messaging. It is apparent from old woodcuts and scrolls that the Patronus Charm has been used since ancient times.To successfully cast the spell one must muster a happy memory (the happier the memory, the more powerful and tangible the Patronus will be) and incant â€Å"Expecto Patronum†. It is unknown if there are any other elements required in casting, such as physical gestures (aside from drawing and pointing the wand forward prior to or during incantation). The happy memory one requires when casting does not necessarily have to be a specific moment in your past. Arguably more important than content, is how the memory or thought makes you feel now.Harry Potter, for instance, is often seen to produce his more powerful patronuses when he his merely thinking of the people he loves. Harry also often thinks of his friends Ronald Weasley and Hermione Granger and produces successful Patronuses. One time Harry also used the thought of Dolores Umbridge being sacked to produce a patronus for his Defence Against the Dark Arts O. W. L. Harry uses his love and happiness, evoked from thinking of his friends and family, to produce a patronus, rather than having to remember emotions felt in the past.A non-corporeal Patronus is one which does not resemble any living creature and has few distinguishing features (if any). Non-corporeal Patronuses resemble a burst of vapour or smoke without any clearly defined form shooting from the tip of the wand. While they may be partially effective at halting dementors (but not repelling them), non-corporeal Patronuses are not â€Å"fully-fledged† Patronuses, and are regarded as a more primitive or weaker version of the true Charm.

Difference Between Distributive and Integrative Bargaining

Difference between Distributive and Integrative Bargaining Raymond Yang Garcia 1) The difference between distributive and integrative bargaining Negotiation approaches are generally described as either distributive or integrative. At the heart of each strategy is a measurement of conflict between each party’s desired outcomes. Consider the following situation. Chris, an entrepreneur, is starting a new business that will occupy most of his free time for the near future. Living in a fancy new development, Chris is concerned that his new business will prevent him from taking care of his lawn, which has strict requirements under neighborhood rules. Not wanting to upset his neighbors, Chris decides to hire Matt to cut his grass. In a†¦show more content†¦In this error, a negotiator views another party through a narrow lens of one attribute. As a result, this one attribute acts like a screen, keeping the negotiator from accurately viewing multiple traits. For example, our entrepreneur Chris may have observed that Matt does a poor job trimming bushes. Consequently, observation could override other considerations that might have more relevance to the job at hand. Another perceptual error is selective perception, which describes how we categorize and interpret information in a way that favors one category or interpretation over another. There are a variety of reasons why individuals are susceptible to selective perception, but it stems from a person’s prior experiences – relating known information to the current circumstance. Selective perception usually perpetuates stereotypes and halo-effect. The final error is projection, where an individual’s current emotional state tends to influence the perception of others. It is generally a defense mechanism intended to protect an individual’s self-concept. 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